Salvia divinorum: un estudio fenomenológico y cognitivo de la experiencia en usuarios de Latinoamérica y España.
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La planta Salvia divinorum (Ska pastora, Hierba María, María Pastora), es una planta endémica mexicana de la familia de las mentas, con larga historia de uso tradicional entre nativos de la Sierra de Oaxaca, en México. Se emplea en prácticas religiosas, curativas y adivinatorias, y es uno de los componentes principales de ceremonias de sanación física y espiritual, siendo beneficiosa tanto para tratar afecciones gastrointestinales como para tratar el alcoholismo, entre otras. En ambientes urbanos industrializados de Latinoamérica y España, su uso recreativo se ha extendido y sus efectos subjetivos están todavía poco documentados en la literatura científica con validez ecológica, lo que limita el conocimiento sobre sus efectos en ambientes poco controlados. Comprender el uso no-tradicional contemporáneo es deseable (y quizás necesario) para evitar los consumos problemáticos y explorar potenciales usos benéficos —ya sean terapéuticos, clínicos o cognitivos— sobre todo de cara a la inminente legalización de las sustancias psicodélicas en muchos países del mundo. Este estudio se enfoca principalmente en el aspecto subjetivo de la experiencia con Salvia divinorum y en su interpretación post-facto, analizando la percepción y otros procesos cognitivos y emocionales propios de la experiencia en usuarios contemporáneos. Se concluye que un uso planificado de la Salvia divinorum podría tener efectos positivos en términos terapéuticos y como potenciador cognitivo. Sin embargo, es necesario profundizar la investigación e incluir métodos cuantitativos de las ciencias cognitivas para integrar un conocimiento sólido de su psicofarmacología y neurofenomenología.
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