Lecturas de viñetas sobre exclusión social efectos cognitivos
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Se mostró que las lecturas de viñetas sobre exclusión social (ES) provoca en los lectores respuestas emocionales similares a la ES vivida; además los lectores se sintieron con mayor estado de ánimo (EA) negativo, frustración (F) y empatía emocional (EE). La presente investigación evalúa si leer relatos sobre ES aumenta la tendencia a interpretar informaciones neutras como agresivas. En este estudio participaron 46 mujeres que fueron divididos en dos grupos en función de la viñeta que se les presentaban: ES o IS. Luego contestaron “como se sintieron durante la lectura” con cuestionarios sobre EA, F y EE. Para evaluar los efectos cognitivos se les presentaron 10 pares asociados, en el cual una palabra era claramente agresiva y la otra ambigua. Debían contestar en una escala de 1 a 7 qué tan parecidas eran cada par de palabras; luego se administró un cuestionario de agresividad (CA) y otro sociodemográfico. El CA no mostró diferencias significativas entre grupos. El grupo ES presentó mayor EA negativo, F y EE (p<.0001, r=1.00). Además, el grupo ES puntuó las palabras ambiguas como más agresivas respecto del grupo IC (p<.05, r=.30). Este dato muestra por primera vez que la lectura de relatos sobre exclusión social activa procesos asociativos de hostilidad inconscientes; se explican de acuerdo al Modelo General de la Agresión (MGA) y de Berkovitch (1990,1993) que afirma que la frustración en general activa mecanismos no conscientes en las redes asociativas neurales hacia sesgos cognitivos hostiles.
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